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Linux利用fdisk工具建立分区的方法

时间:2015-04-01 17:02:34 作者:qipeng 来源:系统之家 1. 扫描二维码随时看资讯 2. 请使用手机浏览器访问: https://m.xitongzhijia.net/xtjc/20150401/43673.html 手机查看 评论

  当Linux系统硬盘还有不少空间的时候,我们能够使用fdisk工具对系统进行分区,以满足个人需求,那么fdisk工具要如何使用呢?下面小编就给大家介绍下Linux使用fdisk建立分区的方法,感兴趣的朋友可以来了解下。

 Linux利用fdisk工具建立分区的方法

  首先查看硬盘信息

  fdisk -l 如果有硬盘有剩余空间就可以对其进行分区

  [root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

  Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

  Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

  /dev/sda2 26 3851 30720000 83 Linux

  /dev/sda3 3851 4106 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

  /dev/sda4 4106 10444 50912256 5 Extended

  /dev/sda5 4106 10444 50911232 83 Linux

  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0x00000000

  #从上面看出/dev/sda空间已经用完了,/dev/sdb没有使用。

  下面我们对/dev/sdb 进行分区

  [root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdb

  Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

  Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfaa2aa49.

  Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

  After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable.

  Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

  WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to

  switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to

  sectors (command ‘u’)。

  Command (m for help): m

  Command action

  a toggle a bootable flag

  b edit bsd disklabel

  c toggle the dos compatibility flag

  d delete a partition

  l list known partition types

  m print this menu

  n add a new partition

  o create a new empty DOS partition table

  p print the partition table

  q quit without saving changes

  s create a new empty Sun disklabel

  t change a partition‘s system id

  u change display/entry units

  v verify the partition table

  w write table to disk and exit

  x extra functionality (experts only)

  fdisk选中/dev/sdb 输入m所有基本选项都出现,输入n新建分区

  Command (m for help): n

  Command action

  e extended

  p primary partition (1-4)

  有扩展分区和主分区,逻辑分区在扩展分区中建立。注意到括号中的1-4,最多只能建四个主分区(包括扩展分区)。先建一个主分区:

  Command (m for help): n

  Command action

  e extended

  p primary partition (1-4)

  p #建主分区

  Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区号为1

  First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #直接回车默认从第一个柱面开始划分

  Using default value 1

  Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +2G #加空间大小,这里有很多种选择:+后面单位可以接M,G,K(记得要大写)表示划分你所加的空间,也可以是柱面数。不管怎样都不能超过该磁盘剩余的空间否则无效。

  Command (m for help): p #分好后查看分区信息,刚所做的所有一目了然。

  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

  同上所述建立扩展分区:

  Command (m for help): n

  Command action

  e extended

  p primary partition (1-4)

  e #建立扩展分区

  Partition number (1-4): 4

  First cylinder (263-2610, default 263):

  Using default value 263

  Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-2610, default 2610): +4G

  Command (m for help): p

  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

  /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

  扩展分区建好我们就可以在扩展分区建立逻辑分区

  Command (m for help): n

  Command action

  l logical (5 or over)

  p primary partition (1-4)

  l #建逻辑分区

  First cylinder (263-785, default 263):

  Using default value 263

  Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (263-785, default 785): +2G

  Command (m for help): p

  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

  /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

  /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

  上面显示已经建好一个主分区,一个逻辑分区,但是这些现在还没有生效我们需要保存退出。

  Command (m for help): w #保存退出

  The partition table has been altered!

  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

  Syncing disks.

  [root@bogon 桌面]# fdisk -l

  Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0x000471ad

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux

  Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

  /dev/sda2 26 3851 30720000 83 Linux

  /dev/sda3 3851 4106 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

  /dev/sda4 4106 10444 50912256 5 Extended

  /dev/sda5 4106 10444 50911232 83 Linux

  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

  Disk identifier: 0xfaa2aa49

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

  /dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

  /dev/sdb4 263 785 4200997+ 5 Extended

  /dev/sdb5 263 524 2104483+ 83 Linux

  再次查看就看到了/dev/sdb的分区信息,虽然现在我们看到进行分区了,但是内核kenel还没有识别为了不要重启将分区表写入kenel我们要用到partprobe工具:使kenel重新读取分区表。

  [root@bogon 桌面]# partprobe

  Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (设备或资源忙)。 As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

  kenel识别分区表后,我们还不能使用它要对其进行格式化。mkfs.加文件系统格式,扩展分区是不能格式化的。

  [root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #格式化成ext4文件格式(要分区格式化,不能将整个硬盘格式化)

  mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

  文件系统标签=

  操作系统:Linux

  块大小=4096 (log=2)

  分块大小=4096 (log=2)

  Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

  131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

  26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

  第一个数据块=0

  Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

  17 block groups

  32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

  7744 inodes per group

  Superblock backups stored on blocks:

  32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

  正在写入inode表: 完成

  Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or

  180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

  [root@bogon 桌面]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5 #格式化逻辑分区

  mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

  文件系统标签=

  操作系统:Linux

  块大小=4096 (log=2)

  分块大小=4096 (log=2)

  Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

  131648 inodes, 526120 blocks

  26306 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

  第一个数据块=0

  Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

  17 block groups

  32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

  7744 inodes per group

  Superblock backups stored on blocks:

  32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

  正在写入inode表: 完成

  Creating journal (16384 blocks): 完成

  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

  180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

  格式化后就可以使用了

  [root@bogon 桌面]# mkdir /bak

  [root@bogon 桌面]# mount -o loop /dev/sdb1 /bak #挂载该分区到/bak

  [root@bogon 桌面]# df -TH #查看当前硬盘挂载信息

  文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点

  /dev/sda5 ext4 52G 3.9G 45G 8% /

  tmpfs tmpfs 528M 279k 528M 1% /dev/shm

  /dev/sda1 ext4 204M 28M 166M 15% /boot

  /dev/sda2 ext4 31G 2.9G 27G 10% /usr

  .host:/ vmhgfs 144G 41G 104G 29% /mnt/hgfs

  /ios/RHEL6.3.iso

  iso9660 3.2G 3.2G 0 100% /guazai

  /dev/sdb1 ext4 2.2G 71M 2.0G 4% /bak

  上面就是Linux使用fdisk建立分区的方法介绍了,建立分区的前提是硬盘还有剩余空间,以免建立分区的时候出现问题。

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